The role of nato in supporting military assistance in Russia-Ukraine conflict 2022-2025

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 compelled NATO member states to organize military assistance to Ukraine while managing the risk of direct NATO-Russia confrontation. This study analyzes the role of NATO in supporting military assistance to Ukraine during 2022-2025 and identifies the strategic interests that shaped that role. Using a descriptive qualitative single-case design, the study applies Green's collective self-defense framework to evaluate whether the documented assistance satisfies the three prerequisites of armed attack, formal request, and necessity and proportionality. The empirical findings document three assistance channels, collective NATO-linked instruments, bilateral state packages, and hybrid capability coalitions, and assess their forms, scale, and mechanisms as observable indicators of NATO's collective role. The Discussion evaluates whether NATO's response satisfied Green's four prerequisites and identifies which of Green's three roles, defensive, deterrent, and supportive, are observable in the documented assistance record. This study does not assess battlefield effectiveness. It contributes to IR scholarship by applying Green's collective self-defense prerequisites as an analytical instrument for evaluating collective alliance behavior, and by connecting military alliance interest theory to observable indicators of assistance forms, scale, and mechanisms.