The friendship process depicted in three characters in The Heroes of Olympus: the Lost Hero novel

This study aimed to discuss the friendship of Jason, Piper, and Leo at their age as adolescence which was depicted in the novel The Heroes of Olympus: The Lost Hero. This study also explained some of the effects of friendship on these three characters. This study focused on three problem statements, namely; (1) How is the formation of friendship depicted in Rick Riordan’s The Heroes Olympus: The Lost Hero novel?, (2) How are the friendship functions in friendship depicted in Rick Riordan’s The Heroes Olympus: The Lost Hero novel?, and (3) What are the effects of the friendship towards the three characters depicted in Rick Riordan’s The Heroes Olympus: The Lost Hero novel?. This research used a qualitative method in which the collected data came from novels, books, and several previous studies. This study used the concept of friendship theory to answer the first problem statement, namely the formation of friendship from Beverley Fehr. To answer the second problem statement, the function of friendship from Asher and Parker. And to answer the third problem statement, the researcher employed new criticism focusing on Murphy’s modes of characterization. By using this theory and data, this study found different results from the previous research studies. The results of this study showed that Jason, Piper, and Leo’s friendship formation comes from environmental, individual, and situational factors. The study also found several friendship functions such as emotional security, guidance and assistance, intimacy and affection, self-validation dan ego support, and reliable alliance during the events that happened to their friendship. The last, four effects the changes in the characters of Jason, Piper, and Leo. Those effects are Leo’s confidence increased, Jason and Leo not feeling lonely, Piper’s patience increased, and Jason’s a sense of belief increased.