Resistansi terhadap fikih patriarki: studi Bahth al-Masa'il Forum Musyawarah Pondok Pesantren Putri Se-Jawa Timur

Resistance to the patriarchal fiqh has become a problem that is studied in this research onthe Bah{th al-Masa’il at the Deliberation Forum of the Female Islamic Boarding School in East Java. This Research is assessing the problem with a focus on the constructing offiqh al-nisa’ and the models of resistance to the patriarchal fiqh. This descriptive research carried out in four locations (Kediri City, Regency of Kediri, Blitar, and Jombang) for one year (February, 2018 to January, 2019) byinvolving eighteen informants (eight kiai, three bu nyai, three ustadz, and four ustadzah). Data were collected by interview, observation, and study of the document. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively (data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions) by involving the triangulation process in it. Framework of the theory of resistance by James C. Scott used as a guideline of the analysis and writing. Results of this research showed that theBah{th al-Masa’il at the Deliberation Forum of the Female Islamic Boarding School in East Javahas been able to generate fiqh al-nisa>’that is able to answer the various issues present and canbe used as a framework in thinking, behaving, and acting for the women. In the effort to realize that, the role of the kiai, bu nyai, ustadz,ustadzah, andsantri putri is quite central in every activity of Bah}th al-Masa>’il . The bu nyai, ustadzah, and santri putri role as proposer, identifiers, and discussants various problems of fiqh were discussed, whereas kiai and ustadz as mus}ah}h}ih} (director), formulator, and decision maker of fiqh. Resistance against the patriarchal fiqh covertly (anonymity), soft (euphemism), and with a grunt (grumbling), by selecting three models of resistance, namely democratization, moderation, and contextualization. Based on these findings, the researcher recommendsall parties to support and guarante to be sustainable to the activities of theBah{th al-Masa’il at the Deliberation Forum of the Female Islamic Boarding School in East Java which has been able to produce fiqh al-nisā’ and become a place for the kiai, bu nyai, ustadz, ustadzah, and santri putri for empowerment efforts women,and chose ways that promote a strategy of democratization, moderation, and contextualization as a model in the actualization and contextualization of fiqh.