Language shift and language maintenance used by the main characters of All The Pretty Horses novel by Cormac Mccarthy

This thesis discussed about the factors caused language shift and the factors supporting to language maintenance used by the main characters of All The Pretty Horses novel. All The Pretty Horses novel became the primary data of this research but the writer just focused on the utterances of two main characters of the novel. The writer used two theories of language shift and language maintenance. The first theory is Holmes (2001) who stated that there are five factors caused language shift such as social, economic, demographic, political, and attitude and value. The second theory is Giles, Bouhis and Taylor (1977) who stated that there are three factors caused language maintenance according to such as status (social, economic, and language), demographic factor, and institutional support. The method that is used in this thesis is qualitative content analysis. The result of discussions showed that language shift and language maintenance occurred in All The Pretty Horses Novel used by the main characters. The writer found that there were three factors caused language shift such as social factor, economic factor, and demographic factor and there were two factors supported language maintenance such as status and demographic factor. In conclusion, social factor became the significant influence on language shift and status became the significant influence on language maintenance.